How to Become a Cardiologist in India After 12th: Courses, Duration, and Career Path Explained

India is currently facing a major healthcare challenge. Heart-related diseases claim over 1.7 million lives annually in India, which is 28% of all deaths registered in the country. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease indicates an urgent need for more trained heart care professionals nationwide.

However, there is a noticeable shortage of trained cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons. According to a 2017 report published by The Indian Express, 552 out of 1,907 super-speciality medical seats remained unfilled, including only 104 in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery and just 55 in cardiology. This gap persists even with increased efforts by the government to encourage medical graduates to pursue postgraduate specialisations through national entrance exams.

While the situation poses a public health concern, it also presents a significant opportunity for aspiring medical professionals. With rising demand comes greater job security, competitive pay, and impactful work. For those interested in pursuing a career in cardiology, this blog provides essential information, outlining the required steps, qualifications, and more.

How to Become Cardiologist After 12th?

A cardiologist is a specialised medical professional who focuses on preventing, diagnosing, and treating various heart and blood vessel conditions such as heart attacks, congenital heart defects, and abnormal heart rhythms.

Cardiologists may further specialise in specific areas such as interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, or heart failure. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to become cardiologist after 12th:

Step 1: Choose the Science Stream in 10+2

Students must complete their 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (PCB) as core subjects. They must aim for a high percentage, as medical college admissions are highly competitive. Additionally, candidates must prepare for and clear the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test - Undergraduate (NEET-UG), which is mandatory for entry into undergraduate medical and dental programmes in India.

Step 2: Complete Undergraduate Medical Education

After qualifying for the entrance exam, students must join a recognised medical college and complete their undergraduate medical education. This includes both academic learning and practical clinical training, as well as a mandatory internship at a hospital or clinic.

Step 3: Pursue Postgraduate Specialisation/Diploma in Cardiology

The next step is to enrol on a postgraduate programme that provides in-depth knowledge and hands-on training in areas such as:

• Preventive Cardiology – Learning how to reduce the risk of heart disease through early intervention and lifestyle management.
• Non-Invasive Cardiology – Using imaging and diagnostic tools like echocardiography and stress tests to detect heart problems.
• Interventional Cardiology – Gaining exposure to minimally invasive procedures to treat heart blockages and other issues.
• Electrophysiology – Understanding how to evaluate and manage disorders related to the heart's electrical system.

Note: Some PG Diplomas listed require prior medical degrees like MBBS or allied health sciences.

Alternatively, students can also pursue a diploma in Cardiology after 12th grade, provided they have a background in PCB from 10+2 with a minimum of 50% marks from a recognised board. Additionally, students must also complete their undergraduate studies in medicine. A list of diploma in Cardiology after 12th is given below:

• Diploma in Cardiac Care Technology
• Diploma in Cardiovascular Technology
• PG Diploma in Cardiology
• Cardiac Diploma courses
• PG Diploma in Cardiac Vascular Technology, etc.

Note: The diploma courses listed do not lead to becoming a cardiologist but can help students begin a career in cardiac care technology or assistance.

Step 4: Complete a Super-Specialisation in Cardiology

To become a highly trained expert in cardiology, candidates must then enrol in a super-specialisation programme. This involves intensive training in managing complex cardiac conditions and using cutting-edge medical technology. Key areas of focus include:

• Advanced Interventional Procedures – Performing techniques like angioplasty, stent placement, and catheter-based therapies.
• Electrophysiology Techniques – Diagnosing and treating serious arrhythmias through devices like pacemakers and ablation therapy.
• Heart Failure and Transplant Management – Learning advanced care strategies for patients with severe heart failure and gaining exposure to heart transplant protocols.

Step 5: Gain Additional Experience (Optional)

To gain more expertise, individuals can choose to undergo further training or fellowships in highly specialised areas such as interventional procedures or paediatric heart care. This is optional but can enhance career opportunities and skills.

Courses Required to Become a Cardiologist (Starting After 12th)

To become a cardiologist in India, students need to pursue the following cardiology courses after 12th and/or graduation. Check out the details below:

Note: MBBS is the only cardiology courses after 12th, while others require graduation. Also, “Junior Resident” applies to post-MBBS candidates working in hospitals during or after PG entrance preparation.

How to Become Cardiologist in India – Licensing and Certifications

To practice as a cardiologist in India, candidates must obtain a valid medical license. Additionally, some may pursue optional board certifications to enhance their professional standing further. The details on how to become Cardiologist in India with licensing and certifications are as follows:

Medical Licensing (Mandatory)

Medical licensing is mandatory for anyone who wishes to practice medicine in India. After completing the required medical education (MBBS and postgraduate degrees), candidates must register with the National Medical Commission (NMC) or their respective State Medical Council.

This license authorises them to diagnose, treat, and manage patients legally. Licensing requirements may include completing an internship, providing academic credentials, and meeting state-specific regulations. The license serves as a formal declaration that the individual is qualified and permitted to practice medicine in India.

Board Certification (Optional)

Although it is not required in India, most cardiologists choose to become board certified doctors to demonstrate high-level knowledge and expertise. The certifications from the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) are respected across the world.

Having such certifications proves a high level of excellence and can help individuals gain a good reputation and increase the chances for professional opportunities abroad.

Wrapping Up

Cardiology stands out as a career that combines in-depth medical expertise with high-impact patient care. With increasing demand, evolving technologies, and strong institutional support, it offers long-term career stability and the chance to make a meaningful difference in patients' lives. For dedicated students ready to take on the challenge, the journey to becoming a cardiologist is both demanding and deeply rewarding.

FAQs

Q1: What is the work of Cardiologist?

A1: A cardiologist specialises in diagnosing, treating, and preventing conditions of the heart and blood vessels. Their work involves managing a wide range of cardiac issues, including heart attacks, heart failure, heart valve diseases, and arrhythmias.

Q2: How many years to become a Cardiologist in India?

A2: To become a Cardiologist in India, individuals need 11.5 years, which includes undergraduate studies (MBBS), post-graduation, and super-specialisation. This may also exceed if individuals plan on pursuing any additional diplomas or fellowship courses.

Q3: Is Cardiology a good career?

A3: Yes. Cardiology is a rewarding career. It offers a wide range of career opportunities in hospitals, pharmaceuticals, research, teaching, and healthcare management. With the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, there is strong job security and a growing demand for skilled cardiology professionals.

Q4: How many marks are required in NEET for Cardiologist?

A4: To begin the journey toward becoming a cardiologist, candidates must first secure admission to an MBBS programme by clearing the NEET-UG exam. For General Category students, a score of 550 or above is generally considered competitive for admission to government medical colleges. However, cutoff scores vary each year depending on the state, category, and institute.